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The Llama–ARCS Adaptive Learning framework: AI–VR Integration System for Real-Time Motivational Feedback in Higher Education

Evwiekpaefe, Abraham Eseoghene and Chinyio, Darius Tienhus and Tohomdet, Loreta Katok (2026) The Llama–ARCS Adaptive Learning framework: AI–VR Integration System for Real-Time Motivational Feedback in Higher Education. Journal of Computing Theories and Applications, 3 (3). pp. 260-273. ISSN 3024-9104

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Abstract

This study developed and evaluated an AI-integrated Virtual Reality (VR) system designed to enhance personalized learning in higher education. While VR improves engagement, existing systems often lack adaptivity or experience high latency during AI interactions. To address these limitations, this research introduces a novel integration of a cache-optimized Llama 2 Large Language Model (LLM) that delivers real-time, motivationally grounded feedback. The system was implemented using Unity 3D and validated with 50 undergraduate students. Technical validation showed that the cache layer reduced interaction latency from 17.7 ms to 14.2 ms and maintained zero system crashes throughout the pilot. Learner motivation was assessed using Keller’s ARCS model, yielding mean scores ranging from 4.08 to 4.69 across all dimensions. Independent t-tests (p > 0.05) and negligible effect sizes (Cohen’s d < 0.2) revealed no significant difference between technical (ICT) and non-technical (Physics) students. These findings confirm that the proposed system effectively bridges technological and motivational gaps, providing a robust model for adaptive, immersive education.

Item Type: Article
Subjects: Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science
Depositing User: dl fts
Date Deposited: 15 Dec 2025 09:22
Last Modified: 15 Dec 2025 09:22
URI: https://dl.futuretechsci.org/id/eprint/139

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